The Second Book of Maccabees

The 1st Chapter

The brethren of the Jews which be at Jerusalem and in the land of Jewry, wish unto those brethren of the Jews that are throughout Egypt: good fortune, health and peace. God the Lord (kjv leaves out "the Lord") be gracious unto you, and think upon his covenant that he made with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, his faithful servants: and give you all such an heart, that you may love (kjv leaves out may love) and serve him, yee and to perform his will with an *whole heart (kjv = good courage) and a willing mind: He open your hearts and in his law and in his commandments, send you peace: hear your prayers, and be at one with you, and never forsake you in time of trouble. This is here our prayer for you.

What time as Demetrius reigned, in the hundred and sixty ninth year, we Jews wrote unto you in the trouble and violence that came upon us. In those years after that Jason departed out of the holy land and kingdom, they burnt up the ports, and shed innocent blood. Then made we our prayer unto the Lord, and were heard: we offered, and lighted candles, setting forth cakes and bread. And now come ye unto the feast of tabernacles in the month Casleu.

In the hundred and eighty eighth year, the people that was at Jerusalem and in Jewry, the council and Judas himself, sent this wholesome salvation unto Aristobolus king Ptolomys master, which came of the generation of the anointed priests: and to the Jews that were in Egypt: Insomuch as God hath delivered us from great perils, we thank him highly. In that we resisted so mighty a king. And why ? he brought men out of Persis by heaps, to fight against us and the holy city. For as he was in Persis ( namely, the Captain with the great host ) he perished in the temple of Naneas, being deceived through the device of Naneass priests. For as he was purposed to have dwelt there, Antiochus and his friends came thither, to receive much money for a dowry. So when Naneas priests had layed forth the money, he entered with a small company into the compass of the temple, and so they shut the temple.

Now when Antiochus entered by opening the private entrance of the temple, the priests stoned the captain to death, hewed them in pieces that were with them, smote off their heads, and through them out in all things. God be praised, who hath delivered the wicked in to our hands.

Whereas we now are purposed to keep the purification of the temple upon the twenty fifth day of the month Casleu, we thought it necessary to certify you thereof: that ye also might keep tabernacles feast day, and the day of the fire, which was given us when Nehemiah offered, after that he had set up the temple and the altar. For what time as our fathers were led away into Persis, (Persia) the priests ( *which then sought the honor of God ) (kjv = leaves this line out) and took the fire privily (secretly) from the alter, and hid it in a valley, where as was a deep dry pit: and there they kept it, because the place was unknown to every man. Now after many years when it pleased God, that Nehemiah should be sent from the king of Persia: he sent the childrens children of those priests (which had hid the fire ) to seek it. And as they told us, they found no fire, but thick water.

Then commanded he them to draw it up, and to bring it him, and the offerings withal. Now when the sacrifices were laid on and ordered, the priest Nehemiah commanded to sprinkle them and the wood with the water. When this was done, and the time come that the *Sun shone, (cap S) which was afore hid in the cloud: there was a great fire kindled. In so much that every man marvelled.

Now all the priests prayed, while the sacrifice was a making. Jonathas prayed first, and the other gave answer.

And Nehemias prayer was after this manner: O' Lord God, maker of all things, thou fearful and strong, thou righteous and merciful, thou that art only and gracious king, only liberal, only just, Almighty and everlasting, thou that deliverest Israel from all trouble, thou that hast chosen the fathers and hallowed them: receiving the offering for the whole people of Israel, preserve thine own portion, and hallow it. Gather those together, that are scattered abroad from us: deliver them that are under the Heathens bondage, look upon them that are despised and abhorred, that the Heathen may know and see, how that thou art our God: Punish them that oppress, and proudly put us to dishonor. Set thy people again in thy holy place, like as Moses hath spoken.

And the priests song Psalmes of thanksgiving, so long as the sacrifice endured. Now when the sacrifice was burnt, Nehemia commanded the great stones to be sprinkled with the residue of the water Which when it was done, there was kindled a flame of them also: but it was consumed by the light, that shined from the altar. So when this matter was known, it was told the king of Persia, that in the place where the priests, which were led away, had hid the fire, there appeared water instead of fire, and that Nehemias had purified the sacrifices withal. Then the king considering and pondering the matter diligently, made him a temple to prove the thing that was done. And when he found it so in deed, he gave the priests many gifts and diverse rewards: yee he took them with his own hand, and gave them. And Nehemias called the same place Nephthar, which is as much to say as a cleansing: but many men call it Nephi.

The 2nd Chapter

It is found also in the writings of Jeremy the prophet, that he commanded them which were carried away to take fire, as it is said afore. He commanded them also, that they should not to forget the commandments of the Lord, and that they should not error in their minds, when they see Images of silver and gold, with their ornaments. These and such other things commanded he them, and exhorted them, that they should not let the law of God go out of their hearts.

It is written also, how the prophet ( at the commandment of God ) charged them, to take the tabernacle and the ark with them: and he went forth unto the mountain, where Moses climbed up, and saw the heritage of God. And when Jeremy came there, he found an open cave, wherein he laid the tabernacle, the ark, and the altar of incense, and so stopped the hole. There came certain men together also following him, to mark the place, but they could not find it. Which when Jeremy perceived, he reproved them saying: As for that place, it shall be unknown, until the time that God gather his people together again, and receive them unto mercy. Then shall God show them these things, and the majesty of the Lord shall appear, and the cloud also, like as it was showed unto Moses: and like as when Solomon desired that the place might be sanctified, and it was showed him.

For he being a wise man, handled honorably and wisely offering unto God in the hallowing of the temple when it was finished. And like as when Moses prayed unto the Lord, the fire came down from heaven, and consumed the burnt offering: Even so prayed Solomon also, and the fire came down from heaven, and consumed the burnt offering. And Moses said: because the sin offering was not eaten,(kjv=was not to be eaten) therefore it is consumed. In like manner Solomon kept the dedication ( or hallowing ) eight days.

In the annotations and writings of Jeremy, (kjv says of Neemias) were these things put also: and how he made a library, and how he gathered out of all countries *the books of the prophets, (kjv = together the acts of the kings ), of David, the epistles of the kings, and of the presents. Even so Judas also, look what he learned by experience of war, and such things as hath happened unto us, he gathered them all together, and so we have them by us. If ye now desire to have the same, send somebody to fetch them unto you. Where as we are about to celebrate the purification, we have written unto you. Therefore ye shall do well, if ye keep the same days. We hope also, that the God,

( which delivered his people, and gave them all the heritage, kingdom, priesthood, and Sanctuary that he promised them in the law ) shall shortly have mercy upon us,and gather us together from under the heaven into *his holy place (kjv =the holy place) : for he hath saved us from great perils, and hath cleansed the place.

As concerning Judas Machabeus and his brethren, the purification of the great temple, the dedication of the altar, yee and of wars that concern noble Antiochus and (kjv adds Epiphanes), and Eupator his son, of the shinnings that came down from heaven upon those that defended the Jews. For though they were but few, yet defended they the whole land, drove away the enemies host, recovered again the temple, that was spoken of throughout all the world, delivered the city, doing their best that the law of the Lord which was put down, might with all tranquility be restored again unto the Lord, that was so merciful unto them. As touching Jason also of Cyren, we have undertaken compendiously (complete summary) to bring into one book, the things that were comprehended of him in five. For we considering the multitude of books and how hard it should be for them that would meddle with stories and acts ( and that because of so diverse matters ) have undertaken so to comprehend the stories: that such as are disposed to read, might have pleasure and pastime therein: And that they which are diligent in such things, might the better think upon them: yee and that whosoever read them, might profit thereby.

Nevertheless we ourselves that have meddled with this matter for the foreshortening of it, have taken no small labor, but great diligence, watchings and travail. Like as they that make a feast, would faine (be willing /obliged) do other men pleasure: Even so we also ( for many mens sakes ) are very well content to take the labor, where as we may shortly comprehend, the things that other men have truly written.

For he that buildeth an house anew, must provide for many things, to the whole building: but he that painteth it afterward, seeketh but only what is comely, mete (worthy) and convenient to garnish withal. Even so do we also in like manner. And why? He that begineth to write a story for the first, must with his understanding gather the matter together, set his words in order, and diligently seek out of every part: But he that afterward will shorten it, useth few words, and toucheth not the matter at the largest. Let this be sufficient for a Prologue, now will we begin to show the matter: for it is but a foolish thing to make a long Prologue, and to be short in the story it self.

The 3rd Chapter

What time as the holy city was inhabited in all peace and wealth, and when the laws were yet very well kept, ( for so was it ordained by Onias the high priest and other godly men, that were enemies of wickedness ) It came therefore, that even the kings and princes themselves did the place great worship, and garnished the temple with great gifts: Insomuch that Seleucus king of Asia of his own rents bare all the costs belonging to the service of the offerings. Then Simon of the tribe of Benjamin, a ruler of the temple, labored to work some mischief in the city: but the high priest resisted him.

Nevertheless when he might not overcome Onias, he gat him to Apollonius the son of Thersa ( which then was chief lord in Celosyria and Phenice ) and told him that the treasury in Jerusalem was full of innumerable money, and how that the commons goods ( which belonged not unto the offerings ) were exceedingly great also: yee and how it were possible, that all these might come under the kings power.

Now when Apollonius had showed the king of the money, as it was told him: the king called for Heliodorus his stewart, and sent him with a commandment, to bring him the same money. Immediately Heliodorus took his journey, but under a color, as though he would go through Celosyria and Phenices to visit the cities, but his purpose was to fulfil the kings pleasure. So when he came to Jerusalem, and was lovingly received of the high priest into the city: he told what was determined concerning the money, and showed the cause of his coming: he asked also, if it were so indeed. Then the high priest told him, that there was such money laid up for the up holding of widows and fatherless children, and how that certain of it belonged unto Hircanus Tobias a noble man: and that of all the money ( which that wicked Simon had bewrayed(betrayed /disclosed) ) there were four hundred talents of silver, and two hundred of gold: yee and that it were unpossible for those mens meaning to be deceived, that had layed up their money in the place and temple, (which is had in worship through the whole world) for the maintenance and honor of the same. Whereunto Heliodorus answered, that the king had commanded him in any wise, to bring him in the money.

So at the day appointed, Heliodorus entered in to temple to order this matter. But there was no small fear throughout the whole city. The priests fell down before the altar in their vestments, and called unto heaven upon him, which had made a law concerning stuff given to keep, that they should be safely preserved, for such as commit them unto keeping. Then whoso had looked the high priest in the face, it would have grieved his heart: For his countenance and the changing of his color, declared the inward sorrow of his mind. The man was all in heaviness, and his body in fear: whereby they that looked upon him, might perceive the grief of his heart. The other people also came out of their houses by heaps unto the common prayer, because the place was like to come in to confusion. The women came together through the streets, with hairy clothes about their breasts.

The virgins also that were kept in, ran to Onias, some to the walls, other some looked out of the windows: yee they all held their hands toward heaven, and prayed. A miserable thing was it, to look upon the common people, and the high priest being in such trouble. But they besought almighty God, that the goods that were committed unto them, might be kept whole, for those that had committed them unto their keeping. Nevertheless the thing that Heliodorus was determined to do, that performed he in the same place, he himself personally being about the treasury with his men of war. But the spirit of almighty God (kjv = the Lord of spirits, and the** Prince of all power caused a great apparition), showed himself openly, so that all they which presumed to obey Heliodorus, fell through the power of God into great fearfulness and dread. For there appeared unto them an horse, with a terrible man sitting upon him, decked in goodly array, and the horse smote at Heliodorus with his forefeet. Now he that sat upon the horse, had harness of gold upon him. ** This "Prince of all power" in Ephes 2 (kjv) refers to Satan.

Moreover there appeared two fair and beautiful young men in goodly array, which stood by him, scourged him of both sides, and gave him many stripes without ceasing. With that fell Heliodorus suddenly unto the ground. So that they took him up ( being compassed about with great darkness ) and bare him out upon a bare (litter).

Thus he that came with so many runners and men of war into the said treasury was born out, where as no man might help him: and so the power of God was manifest and known. He lay still dumb by also by the power of God, destitute of all hope and life. And they praised the Lord, that he had showed his power upon his place and temple, which a little afore was full of fear and trouble: and that through the revelation of the almighty Lord it was filled with joy and gladness.

Then certain of Heliodorus friends prayed Onias, that in all hast he would call upon God, to grant him his life, which was giving up the ghost. So the high priest considered the matter, and least the king should suspect that the Jews had done Heliodorus some evil: he offered an healthoffering for him. Now when the high priest had obtained his petition, the same young men in the same clothing appeared, and stood beside Heliodorus, saying: Thank Onias the high priest, for his sake hath the Lord granted thee thy life: Therefore seeing that God hath scourged thee, give him praise and thanks, and show every man his might and power. And when they had spoken these words, they appeared no more.

So Heliodorus offered unto God, made vows unto him, which had granted him his life, thanked Onias, took his host, and went again to the king. Then testified he unto every man of the great works of God, that he had seen with his eyes. And when the king asked Heliodorus who were mete (worthy) to be sent once again to Jerusalem, he said: If thou hast any enemy or adversary unto thy realm, send him thither, and thou shalt have him punished, if he escape with his life: for in that place, ( no doubt ) there is a special power and working of God. For he that dwelleth in heaven, visiteth and defendeth that place: and all that come to do it harm, he punisheth and plagueth them. This is now the matter concerning Heliodorus, and the keeping of the treasury at Jerusalem.

The 4th Chapter

This Simon now ( of whom we spake afore ) being a betrayer of the money and of his own natural country, reported the worst of Onias: as though he had moved Heliodorus unto this, and as though he had been a bringer up of evil. Thus he was not ashamed call him an enemy of the realm, that was so faithful an overseer and defender of the city and of his people: yee and so fervent in the law of God. But when the malice of Simon increased so far, that through his friends there were certain manslaughters committed: Onias considered the peril that might come through this strife, and how that Apollonius ( namely the chief lord in Celosyria and Phenices ) was all set up tyranny, and Simons malice increased the same: He gat him to the king, not as an accuser of the citizens, but as one that by himself intended the common wealth of the whole multitude. For he saw it was not possible to live in peace, neither Simon to leave off from his foolishness, except the king did look thereto. But after the death of Seleucus, when Antiochus ( which is called the noble ) (kjv =Epiphanes) took the kingdom: Jason the brother of Onias labored to be high priest:

for he came unto the king, and promised him three hundred and sixty talents of silver, and of the other rents eighty talents. Beside this he promised him yet an hundred and fifty if he might have *the school of the children, and that he might call them of Jerusalem Antiochians. (kjv = *license to set him up a place for exercise, and for the training up of youth in the fashions of the heathen, and to write them of Jerusalem by the name of Antiochians.)

Which when the king had granted, and he had gotten the superiority, he began immediately to draw his kinsmen to the custom of the Heathen, put down the things that the Jews had set up of love, by John the father of Eupolemius, which was sent ambassador unto Rome, for to make the bond of friendship and love. He put down all the Jews and Liberties of the Jews, and set up the wicked statutes. He durst make a frightening school under the castle, and set fair young men to learn the manners of whores and brodels.

This was now the beginning of the Heathenish and strange conversation, brought in through the ungracious and unheard wickedness of Jason, which should not be called a Priest, but an ungodly person. In so much that the priests were now no more occupied about the service of the altar, but despised the temple, regarded not the offerings: yee gave their diligence to learn to fight, to wrestle, to leap, to dance, and to put at the stone: not setting by the honor of the fathers, but liked the

glory of the Greeks best of all: for the which they strove perilously, and were greedy to follow their statutes, yee their lust was in all things to be like them, which afore were their enemies and destroyers. How be it to do wickedly against the law of God, shall not escape unpunished: but of this we shall speak here after.

What time as the Olympiades sports were played at Tyrus ( the king himself being present ) this ungracious Jason sent *wicked men (kjv=special messengers) bearing from them of Jerusalem ( which were now called Antiochians ) three hundred drachmas of silver for an offering to Hercules. These had they that carried them, desired under such a fashion, as though they should not have been offered, but bestowed to other uses. Nevertheless he that sent them, sent them to the intent that they should be offered unto Hercules. But because of those that were present, they were given as to the making of ships. And Apollonius the son of Nesteus was sent into Egypt, because of the noble men of king Ptolomy Philometor. Now when Antiochus perceived that he was put out from meddling in the realm, he sought his own profit, departed from thence, came to Joppa, and then to Jerusalem: where he was honorably received of Jason and the city, and was brought in with torch light and with great praise: and so he turned his host unto Phenices.

After three years Jason sent Menelaus, the aforesaid Simons brother, to bear the money unto the king, and to bring him answer of other necessary matters. But he ( when he was praised of the king for magnifying of his power ) turned the priesthood unto himself, laying up three hundred talents of silver for Jason. So when he had gotten the commandments from the king, he came having nothing that becometh a priest, but bearing the stomach of a cruel tyrant, and the wrath of a wild brute beast. Then Jason ( which had deceived his own brother ) seeing that he himself was beguiled also, was faine (obligated/willing) to flee into the land of the Ammonites, and Menelaus got the dominion. But as for the money that he had promised unto the king, he did nothing therein, when Sostratus the ruler of the castle required it of him. For Sostratus was the man that gathered the customs: wherefore they were both called before the king. Thus was Menelaus put out of the priesthood, and Lysimachus his brother came in his stead. Sostratus also was made lord of the Cyprians.

It happened in the mean season, that the Tharsians and Mallocians made insurrection, because they were given for a present unto king Antiochus concubine. Then came the king in all haste, to still them again, and to pacify the matter, leaving

Andronicus there to be his deputy, as one mete (worthy) therefore. Now Menelaus supposing that he had gotten a right convenient time, stole certain vessels of gold out of the temple, and gave them to Andronicus for a present: and some he sold at Tyrus and in the cities thereby.

Which when Onias knew of a surety, he reproved him: but he kept him in a Sanctuary beside Daphnis, that lieth by Antioche. Wherefore Menelaus gat him to Andronicus, and prayed him that he would slay Onias. So when he came to Onias, he counselled him craftily to come out of the Sanctuary, giving him his hand with an oath ( how be it he suspected him ) and then he slew Onias, without any regard of righteousness. For the which cause not only the Jews, but other nations also took indignation, and were displeased for the unrighteous death of so godly a man.

And when the king was come again from Cilicia, the Jews and certain of the

Greeks went unto him, complaining for the unrighteous death of Onias. Yee Antiochus himself was sorry in his mind for Onias, so that it pitied him, and he wept, remembering his soberness and mannerly behavior. Wherefore was he so kindled in his mind, that he commanded Andronicus to be stripped out of his purple clothing, and so to be led throughout all the city: yee and the ungracious man to be slain in the same place, where he committed his wickedness upon Onais. Thus the Lord rewarded him his punishment, as he had deserved. Now when Lysimachus had done many wicked deeds in the temple through the counsel of Menelaus, and the voice came abroad: the multitude gathered them together against Lysimachus, for he had carried out now much gold.

So when the people arose, and were full of displeasure, Lysimachus armed three thousand unthirifties to defend him: a certain tyrant being their captain, which was grown both in age and woodness. (kjv = one Auranus being the leader) , But when the people understood the purpose of Lysimachus, some gat stones, some good strong clubs, and some cast ashes upon Lysimachus.

Thus there were many of them wounded, some being slain, and all the other chased away. But as for the wicked *churchrobber himself, they killed him beside the treasury. Of these matters therefore there was kept a court against Menelaus. Now when the king came to Tyrus, they made a complaint unto him of Menelaus, concerning this business, and the ambassadors were there. But Menelaus went and promised Ptolomy to give him much money, if he would persuade the king. So Ptolomy went to the king in to a court, ( where as he was set to cool him ) and brought him out of that mind. In so much that he discharged Menelaus from the accusations, that not withstanding was cause of all mischief: and those poor men, which if they had told their cause, yee before the Scythians, they should have been judged innocent, them he condemned to death.

Thus were they soon punished, which followed upon the matter for the city, for the people, and for the holy vessel. Wherefore they of Tyrus took indignation, and buried them honorably. And so through the covetousness of them that were in power Menelaus remained still in authority, increasing in malice, to the hurt of the citizens.

The 5th Chapter

At the same time Antiochus made him ready to go again into Egypt. Then were there seen at Jerusalem, forty days long, horsemen running to and fro in the air, which had raiment of gold, and spears. There were seen also whole hosts of men weaponed, and horses running in an order, how they came together, how they held forth their shields, how the harnessed men drew out their swords, and shot their darts.

The shine of the golden weapons was seen, and of all manner of armor. Wherefore every man prayed, that those tokens might turn to good. Now when there was gone forth a false rumor, as though Antiochus had been dead, Jason took a thousand men, and came suddenly upon the city. The citizens ran unto the walls, at the last was the city taken, and Menelaus fled into the castle.

As for Jason he spared not his own citizens in the slaughter, neither considered he what great evil it were, to destroy the people of his own kinsmen: but did as one that had gotten the victory of his enemies, and not his friends. For all this got he not the superiority, but at the last received confusion for his malice, and fled again like a vagabond in to the land of the Ammonites.

Finally, for a reward of his wickedness, he was accused before Aretha the king of the Arabians: In so much that he was faine (obliged/willing) to flee from city to city, being despised of every man as a forsaker of the laws, and an abominable person. And at the last ( as an open enemy of his own natural country and of the citizens ) he was driven in to Egypt.

Thus he that afore put many out of their own natural land, perished from home himself. He went into Lacedemon, thinking there to have gotten succor by reason of his kindred. And he that afore had chased many one out unburied, was thrown out himself, no man mourning for him, ner putting him in his grave: so that he neither enjoyed the burial of a stranger, neither was he partaker of his fathers sepulchre.

Now when this was done the king suspect, that the Jews would have fallen from him: wherefore he came in a great displeasure out of Egypt, and took the city by violence. He commanded his men of war also, that they should kill and not spare, but slay down such as withstood them, or climbed up upon the houses.

Thus was there a great slaughter of young men, old men, women, children and virgins. In three days were there slain eighty thousand, forty thousand put in prison, and no less sold.

Yet was he not content with this, but durst go in to the most holy temple ( Menelaus that traitor to the laws and to his own natural country, being his guide ) and with his wicked hands took the holy vessel, which other kings and cities had given thither for the garnishing and honor of the place: them took he in his hands unworthily, and defiled them.

So mad was Antiochus, that he considered not, how that God was a little wroth for the sins of them that dwelt in the city, for the which such confusion came upon the that place. And why? If it had not happened them to have been lapped by many sins, this Antiochus ( as soon as he had come ) had so suddenly been punished, and shot out for his presumption, like as Heliodorus was, whom Seleucus the king sent to *rob (kjv =view) the treasury. Nevertheless God hath not chosen the people for the places sake, but the place far the peoples sake: and therefore is the place become a partaker of the peoples trouble, but afterward shall it enjoy the wealth of them. And like as it is now forsaken in the wrath of Almighty God, so when the great God is reconciled, it shall be set up in high worship again.

So when Antiochus had taken a thousand and eight hundred talents out of the temple, he gat him to Antioche in all the hast, thinking in his pride, that he might make men sail upon the dry land, and to go upon the sea, such an high mind had he. He left deputies there to vex the people: At Jerusalem left he Philippe a Phrygian, in manners more cruel than himself that set him there: At Garizim he left Andronicus and Menelaus, which were more grievous to the citizens then other. Now as he was thus set in malice against the Jews, he sent Apollonius an hated prince, with twenty two thousand, commanding him to slay all those that were of perfect age, and to sell the women, maidens and children. When he came now unto Jerusalem, he fained(pretended) peace, and kept him still until the Sabbath day. And then he commanded his men to take themselves to their weapons ( for the Jews kept the holy day ) and so he slew all them that were gone forth to the open playe (plain, play), running here and there through the city with his men weaponed and murdered a great number. But Judas Maccabeus which was the tenth, fled into the wilderness, led his life there with his company among the wild beasts and upon the mountains, dwelling there, and eating grass, least they be partakers of the *filthiness.

(*kjv= pollution)

The 6th Chapter

Not long after this, sent the king a messenger of Antioche, (kjv of Athens) for to compel the Jews to alter the ordinances of their fathers and the law of God, to defile the temple that was in Jerusalem, and to call it the temple of Jupiter Olympius: and that they should be in Garizim, as those which dwell at the place of Jupiter the *herberous (this is the exact spelling: may be harborous). This wicked sedition of the ungodly was heavy upon all the people: for the temple was full of voluptuousness, bibbing (excessive drinking of alcohol)and boiling (to be stirred up, delirious, wild) of the Heathen, of ribauds (vulgar, lewd humorers) and harlots together. The women went into the holy place, and bare in that was not lawful. The altar also was full of unlawful things, which the law forbiddeth to lay upon it. The Sabbaths were not kept, the other solemn feasts of the land were not regarded. To be plain, there durst no man be a known that he was a Jew. In the day of the kings birth they were compelled parforce (perforce; by force) to offer: and when the feast of Bach was kept, they were constrained to wear garlands of ivy, and so to go about for the honor of Bachus.

Moreover through the counsel of Ptolemy, there went out a commandment in the next cities of the Heathen, that they should entreat the Jews in like manner: namely, to compel them for to do sacrifice after the laws of the Gentiles: and who so would not, to put them to death. A piteous thing was it to see. There were two women accused to have circumcised their sons, whom when they had led round about the city ( the babies hanging from their breasts ) they cast them down headlong over the walls. Some that were crept in to dens and kept the Sabath, were accused unto Philippe, and burnt in the fire: because that for the fear of God they kept the commandment so stiffly, and would not defend themselves. Now I beseech all those that read this book, that they refuse it not for all these falls of adversity: and judge the things ( that are happened ) for no destruction, but for a chastening of our people. And why? When God suffereth not sinners long to follow their own mind, but shorthly (shorteshly/ surely) , it is a token of his great loving kindness. For this grace have we of God more than other people, that he suffereth not us long to sin unpunished like other nations, that when the day of judgement cometh, he may punish them in the fullness of their sins. If we sin, he correcteth us, but he never withdraweth his mercy from us: and though he punish with adversity, yet doth he never forsake his people. But let this that we have spoken now with few words, be for a warning and exhortation of the Heathen. Now will we come to the declaring of the matter. Eleazar one of the principal Scribes, an aged man and of a well favored countenance, was constrained to gape with open mouth and to eat swines flesh. But he desiring (kjv=choosing) rather to die gloriously than to live with shame, he offered himself willingly to the martyrdom. Now when he saw that he must needs go to it, he took it patiently: for he was at a point with himself, that he would consent to no unlawful thing for any pleasure of life. They that stood by being moved with pity ( but not aright ) for the old friendship of the man, took him aside privately, and prayed him that he would let such flesh be brought him as were lawful to eat, and then to make a countenance as though he had eaten the flesh of the sacrifice like as the king commanded, for so he might be delivered from death: and so for the old friendship of the man, they showed him this kindness. But he began to consider his discreet and honorable age, his noble and worshipful *stoke (what he was stirred by), and how that from his youth up he had been of an honest and good conversation: yee and how constantly he had kept the ordinances and laws commanded by God, wherefore he gave them this answer, and said: Yet had I rather first be laid in my grave. For it becometh not my age ( sayeth he) in any wise to disassemble, whereby many young persons might think, that Eleazar being ninety years old were now gone to a strange life: and so through mine hippocracy ( for a little time of a transitory (short lived) life ) they might be deceived: by this means also should I defile mine age, and make it abominable. For though I were now delivered from the torment of men, yet should I not escape the hand of almighty God, neither alive or dead. Wherefore I will die manfully, and do as it becometh my age: Whereby I may peradventure leave an example of steadfastness for such as be young, if I with a ready mind and manfully die an honest death, for the most worthy and holy law.

When he had said these words, immediately he was drawn to the torment. Now they that led him and were mild alittle afore, began to take displeasure because of the words that he said: for they thought he had spoken them of a high mind. But when he was in his martyrdom, he mourned and said : Thou ( O' Lord ) which hast the holy knowledge, knowest openly: that where as I might be delivered from death, I suffer these sore pains of my body: but in my mind I am well content to suffer them, because I fear thee. Thus this man died, leaving the memorial of his death for an example, not only to young men, but unto all people, to be steadfast and manly.

The 7th Chapter

It happened also that were seven brethren ( with their mother ) taken and compelled by the king against the law, to eat swines flesh: namely with scourges and leather whips. And one of them which was the chief, and said: What seekest thou, and what requirest thou of us? As for us we are ready rather to suffer death, than to offend the laws of God and the fathers. (kjv leaves out of God) Then was the king angry, and bad heat caldrons and brazen pots. Which when they were hot, immediately he commanded the tongue of him that spake first to be cut out, to pull the skin over his head, to pare the edges of his hands and feet: yee and that in the sight of his mother and the other of his brethren. Now when he was clean marred, he commanded a fire to be made, and so ( while there was any breath in him ) to be fried in the cauldron, In the which when he was well pained, the other brethren with their mother exhorted him to die manfully, saying: The Lord God shall regard the truth, and comfort us, like as Moses testifieth and declareth in his song, saying: and he will have compassion on his servants.

So when the first was dead after this manner (jkv=number), they brought the second to have him in derision (ridicule, mockery) pulled the skin with the hair over his head, and asked him, if he would eat swines flesh, or he were pained in other members also through out his body. But he answered boldly, and said: I will not do it. And so he was tormented like the first, and when he was even giving up the ghost he said: Thou most ungracious person puttest us now to death, but the king of this world shall raise us up ( which die for his laws ) in the resurrection of everlasting life.

After him, was the third had in derision: and when he was required, he put out his tongue, and that right soon, holding forth his hands manfully, and spake with steadfast faith: These have I of heaven, but now for the law of God I despise them, for my trust is, that I shall receive them of him again. In so much that the king and they which were with him, marvelled at the young mans boldness, that he nothing

regarded the pains.

Now when he was dead also, they vexed the fourth with torments in like manner. So when he was now at his death, he said: It is better that we being put to death of men, have our hope and trust in God, for he shall raise us up again. As for thee, thou shalt have no resurrection to life.

And when they had spoken to the fifth, they tormented him. Then looked he unto the king, and said: Thou hast power among (kjv=over) men, for thou art a mortal man also thy self, to do what thou wilt, but think not that God hath forsaken our generation. Abide thee, tarry still a while, and thou shalt see the great power of God, how he will punish (kjv=torment) thee and thy seed. After him they brought the sixth, which being at the point of death, said: Be not deceived ( O king ) for this we suffer for our own sakes, because we have offended our God, and therefore marvelous things are showed upon us. But think not thou, which takest in hand to strive against

God, that thou shalt escape unpunished.

This excellent mother ( worthy to be well reported of, and had in remembrance) saw her seven sons die in one day, and suffered it patiently, because of the hope that she had in God: Yee she exhorted every one of them in especial,( to treat each one significant) and that boldly and steadfastly with *parfite (perfect?) wisdom, making up her wivish (wifesh?) (kjv=womanish) thoughts with a manly stomach, and she said unto them: I cannot tell how ye came in my womb, for I gave you neither breath nor soul, no ner life. It is not I that joined the members of your bodies together, but the maker of the world, which fashioned the breath of man, and began all things. Even he also of his own mercy shall give you breath and life again like as ye now regard not our own selves for his laws sake.

Now thought Antiochus that she had despised him, therefore he let her go with her reproves, and began to exhort the youngest son ( which was yet left ) not only with words but swore unto him with an oath, that he should make him a rich and wealthy man ( if he would forsake the laws of his fathers ) yee and that he should give him, whatsoever, were necessary for him. But when the young man would not be moved, for all these things, he called his mother, and counseled her to save her sons life. And when he had exhorted her with many words, she promised him that she should speak unto her son. So she turned her unto him (laughing the cruel tyrant to scorn ) and spake with a bold voice: O' my son, have pity upon me, that bare thee nine months in my womb, and gave thee suck, and brought thee up unto this age.

I beseech thee ( my son ) look upon the heaven and the earth, and all that is therein, and consider, that God made them and mans generation of nought: so shalt thou not fear this hangman, but suffer death steadfastly, like as thy brethren have done: that I may receive thee again in the same mercy with thy brethren.

While she was yet speaking these words, the young man said: Whom look ye for ? (kjv = wait ye for?) Wherefore do ye tarry? I will not obey the kings commandment, but the law that God gave us by Moses. (kjv leaves out God) As for thee that imagineth all mischief against the Jews, shalt not escape the hand of God, for we suffer these things, because of our sins.

And though God be angry with us a little while (for our chastening and reformation) yet shall he be at one again with his servants.

But thou, ( O shameful and most abominable person ). Pride not thy self through vain hope, in being so malicious upon the servants of God: For thou hast not yet escaped the judgment of the God which is almighty, thou shalt be punished righteously for thy pride.

As for me ( like as my brethren have done ) I offer my soul and my body for the laws of our fathers, calling upon God, that he will soon be merciful unto our people: yee and with pain and punishment to make the *graunte, (grant: to consent to the fulfillment of / grantee; one to whom the grant is made) that he only is God. In me now and in my brethren the wrath of almighty God is at an end, which righteously is fallen upon our people.

Then the king being kindled in anger was more cruel upon him than upon all the other, and took indignation, that he was so lightly regarded. So this young man died undefiled, and put his trust still in the Lord. Last of all after the sons, was the mother put to death also. Let this now be enough spoken, concerning the offerings and extreme cruelness.

The 8th Chapter

Then Judas Maccabeus and they that were with him, went privily (secretly) into the towns, and called their kinsfolks and friends together, and took unto them all such as continued yet in the faith and law of the Jews, (kjv =Jews religion) and brought forth six thousand men.

So they called upon the Lord, that he would have an eye unto his people, which was trodden down of every man: to be gracious unto the temple, that was defiled of the ungodly: to have compassion upon the destruction of the city, which was shortly like to be layed waste, to hear the voice of the blood that cried unto him:

to remember the most unrighteous deaths of young innocent children, the blasphemes also done unto his name, and to punish them.

Now when Maccabeus had gathered his multitude together, he was to mighty for the Heathen ( for the wrath of the Lord was turned into mercy ) he fell upon the towns and cities unawares, burnt them took the most commodious (abundant, plenteous) places, and slew many of the enemies. But specially he made such chases by night, in so much that his manliness was spoken of everywhere.

So when Philip saw that the man increased by little and little, and that the matter prospered with him for the most part: he wrote unto Ptolemy ( which was a captain in Celosyria and Phenices ) to help him in the kings business. Then sent he Nicanor Patrocly (a special friend of his ) in all haste, and gave him of the common sort of Heathen no less than twenty thousand harnessed men, to root out the whole generation of the Jews, having to help him one Gorgias a man of war, which in matters concerning battles had great experience. Nicanor ordered also that tribute

( which the Romans should have had ) to be given unto the king, out of the captivity of the Jews, namely two thousand talents. And immediately he sent to the cities of the sea coast, requiring them for to buy Jews to be their servants and bondmen, promising to sell them ninety for one talent: but he considered not the wrath of almighty God, that was to come upon him.

When Judas knew of this, he told the Jews that were with him of Nicanors coming. Now were there some of them fearful, not trusting unto the righteousness of God and fled their way. But the other remained, came together and besought the Lord, to deliver them from that wicked Nicanor, which had sold or ever he came nye them: and thought he would not do it for their sakes, yet for the covenant that he made with their fathers, and because they called upon his holy and glorious name. And so Machabeus called his men together, namely about six thousand, exhorting them not to agree unto their enemies neither to be afraid for the multitude of their adversaries coming against them unrighteously: but to fight manfully, considering the reproof that they had done to the holy place without cause. how they had despised and oppressed the city, yee and destroyed the laws of the fathers. For they ( said he ) trust in their weapons and boldness, but our confidence is in the almighty Lord, which in a twinkling of an eye may both destroy them that come against us, and all the world.

He exhorted them also to call to remembrance the help, that God showed unto their fathers: as when there perished an hundred and eighty five thousand of Sennacheribs people: and of the battle that they had in Babylon against the Galatians: how that all the Macedonians that came to help them, stood in fear: and how they being but only six thousand, slew an hundred and twenty thousand through the help that was given them from heaven, whereby they also had received many benefits.

Through these words the men took good hearts unto them, ready to die for the law and the country. So he set upon every company a captain, one of his own brethren: Simon, Joseph and Jonathas: giving each one fifteen hundred men. He caused Esdras (kjv =Eleazar) also to read the holy book unto them, and to give them a token of the help of God.

Then he himself being captain in the forefront of the battle, buckled with Nicanor. And God was their help, in so much that they slew about nine thousand men and compelled the more part of Nicanors host to flee, they were so wounded and feeble. Thus took the money from those that came to buy them, and followed upon them on every side. But when the time came upon them, they returned, for it was the Sabbath, and therefore they followed no more upon them. So they had took their weapons and spoils and kept the Sabbath, giving thanks unto the Lord, which had delivered them that day, and showed them his mercy. After the Sabbath they distributed the spoils to the sick, the fatherless and to the widows, and the residue had they themselves and with theirs. When this was done, and they all had made a general prayer: they besought the merciful Lord to be at one with his servants.

Of those also that were with Timotheus and Bachides, which fought against them, they slew twenty thousand, won high and strong holds, and divided more spoils: ever giving an equal portion unto the sick, to the fatherless to widows and to the aged persons. And when they had diligently gathered their weapons together, they laid them all in convenient places, and the remnant of the spoils brought they to Jerusalem. They slew Philarches that wicked person, which was with Timotheus, and had vexed many Jews. And when they held the thanksgiving feast at Jerusalem for the

victory, they burnt those that had set fire on the ports of the temple: namely Calisthenes, (kjv leaves out this line), which was fled into an house: and so they got a worthy reward for their wickedness. As for that most ungracious Nicanor, which had brought a thousand merchants, to buy the Jews, he was through the help of the Lord brought down even of them he regarded not: in so much that he put off his glorious raiment, fled by sea, and came alone to Antioch, with great shame and dishonor, which he got through the destruction of his host. Thus he that promised the Romans to pay them their tribute, when he took Jerusalem: began now to say plainly , that God was the defender of the Jews, and therefore not possible to wound them, because they followed the laws that God had made.

The 9th Chapter

At the same time came Antiochus again with dishonor out of Persis. For he when he came to Persepolis, and undertook to rob the temple and to subdue the city, the people ran together and defended themselves, in so much that he and his were faine ( obligated/ willing) to flee with shame. And so after that flight, it happened, that Antiochus came again with dishonor. But when he came to Egbathana, he got knowledge what was happened unto Nicanor and Timotheus. Now as he was avenging himself in his wrath, he thought he was able to avenge the injury that was done unto them, upon the Jews: and therefore commanded to make ready his chariot, hastening on his journey without ceasing, the judgment of God provoking him, because he had spoken so proudly, that he would come to Jerusalem, and make it a grave of the Jews. But the Lord God of Israel, that seeth all things, smote him with an invisible plague, which no man could heal.

For as soon as he had spoken these words, there came upon him an horrible pain of his bowels, and a sore grief of tharmes (the arms). And that was but right: for he had martyred other mens bowels with diverse and strange torments, how be it he would no wise cease from his malice. Yee he was yet the prouder and more malicious against the Jews: But while he was commanding to make haste in the matter, it happened that he fell down violently from the chariot, so that it bruised his body, and did him great pain.

And so he thought he might command the floods of the sea, (so proud was he beyond the condition of man) and to weigh the high mountains in a pyre of coals, was now brought down to the ground, and carried upon an horselitter, knowledging the manifest power of God upon him: so that the wicked body of his was full of worms, which in his pain fell quick out of his flesh: In so much that his host was grieved with the smell and stink of him. Thus he that a little afore thought he might reach to the stars of heaven, him might no man now abide ner bear, for the vehemence of stink.

Therefore he being brought from his great pride, began for to come to the knowledge of himself: for the punishment of God warned him, and his pain increased ever more and more. And when he himself could not abide his own stink, he said these words: It is reason to be obedient (kjv=subject) unto God and that a man desire not to be like unto him. This wicked person prayed also unto the Lord, of whom he should have obtained mercy. And as for the city that he came unto so hastily, to bring it down to the ground, and to make it a grave for dead men: now he desire to deliver it free.

And as touching the Jews, whom he had judged not worthy to be buried, but would have cast them out for to be devoured of the fowls and wild beasts, saying, that he would have destroyed both old and young: Now he promiseth, to make them like the citizens of Athens. And where as he had spoiled the holy temple afore, now he maketh promise to garnish it with great gifts, to increase the holy ornaments, and of his own rents to bear the costs, and charges belonging to the offerings: yee and that he would also become a Jew him self, to go through every place of the world, and to preach the power of God.

But when his pains would not cease, (for the righteous (kjv=just) judgment of God was come upon him ) out of a very despair he wrote unto the Jews a letter of intersession, containing these words: The king and prince Antiochus wisheth unto the virtuous citizens of the Jews, much health and good prosperity.

If ye and your children fare well, and if all things go after your mind: we give great thanks. (kjv= thanks to God) In my sickness also do I remember you lovingly: for as I came out of Persia, and was taken with sore disease: I thought it necessary to care for the common wealth. (kjv=safety) Neither despair I in myself, but have a good hope to escape this sickness.

But considering that my father led an host sometime in the higher places, and showed who should reign after him, that ( if there happened any controversy, or any hard thing were declared ) they in the land might know their chief Lord, that their should be no insurrection: Again, when I ponder by myself, how that all the mighty men and neighbors round about, are laying wait, and look but for an opportunity to do harm: I have ordained that my son Antiochus shall reign after me, whom I often commended to many of you, when I was in the higher kingdoms, and have written unto him as it followeth hereafter. Therefore I pray you and require you, to remember the benefits that I have done unto you generally and in especial. For I hope that he shall be of sober and loving behavior, and if he follow my devise, he shall be indifferent unto you.

Thus that murderer and blasphemer of God (kjv leaves out; of God) was sore smitten: and like as he had entreated other men, so he died a miserable death in a strange country upon a mountain. And his body did Phillip ( that went with him ) carry away: which fearing the son of Antiochus, went into Egypt to Ptolomy Philometor.

The 10th Chapter

Maccabeus now and his company (through the help of the Lord ) won the temple and the city again, destroyed the altars and chapels that the Heathen had builded through the streets: cleansed the temple, made another altar of brick stone, and after two years they offered sacrifices, set forth the incense, the lights and show bread. When that was done, they fell down flat upon the ground, and besought the Lord, that they might come no more into such trouble: but if they sinned any more against him, he himself to chasten them with mercy, and not to come in the hands of those aliens and blasphemous men.

Now upon the same day that the strangers polluted(kjv=profaned) the temple, it happened that on the very same day it was cleansed again: namely, the twenty second day of the month called Casleu. (kjv= five and twentieth day) They kept the eight days in gladness, like as in the feast of the tabernacles: remembering that not long afore, they held the feast of the tabernacles upon the mountains and in dens like beasts. And to the same token they bare green bows, branches and palms before him that had given them good fortune to clean his place. They agreed also together, and made a statute, that every year those days should be solemnly kept of all the people of the Jews.

Now Antiochus then, ( that was called the noble ) died, it is sufficiently told. Now will we speak of Nicanor the son of that wicked Antiochus, how it happened with him: and with few words to comprehend the adversity that chanced in the wars. When he had taken the kingdom, he made one Lysias ( which had been captain of the host in Phenice and Syria ) ruler over the matters of the realm. For Ptolomy that was called Macron, being ruler for the Jews ( and specially, to sit in judgement for such wrong as was done unto them ) under took to deal peaceably with them. For the which cause he was accused of the friends before Eupator: and when he was suspect to be a traitor ( because he had left Cyprus that Philometor had committed unto him: and because he departed from noble Antiochus, that he was come unto ) he poisoned himself and died.

Now when Gorgias was governor of the same places, he took strangers and undertook of times to war with the Jews. Moreover the Idumeans that held the strongholds, received those that were driven from Jerusalem, and took in hand to war also. But they that were with Maccabeus besought and prayed unto the Lord, that he would be our helper: and so they fell in to the strong holds of the Idumeans, and won many places of strength: Such as came against them they slew, and killed no less ( of all together ) then twenty thousand. Nevertheless some, no less then nine thousand, were fled into two strong holds, having all manner of ordinance to with stand them.

Then Maccabeus leaving Simon, Josephus, Zachaus and those that were with them ( which were very many ) went to besiege them, and to fight where most need was. Now they that were with Simon being led with covetousness, were increased for money, through certain of those that lay in the towns: took seventy thousand Drachmas, and let some of them escape. But when it was told Maccabeus what had happened, he called the captains of the people together, accusing those persons, that they had sold their brethren for money, and let their enemies go. So he slew those traitors, and immediately went in hand with the two towers. And when they had ordered themselves manly with their weapons and hands, they slew in the two castles more than twenty thousand.

Now Timotheus whom the Jews had overcome afore, gathered a multitude of strange people, brought an host also of horsemen of the Asias, to win Jewry by strength. But when he drew near, Maccabeus and they that were with him fell to their prayer, sprinkled with ashes upon their heads, being girded with hair cloth about their loins, fell down before the altar, and besought the Lord that he would be merciful unto them, but an enemy unto their enemies, and to take part against their adversaries, according as it is promised in the law. So after the prayer, they went on further from the city: and when they came nye the enemies, they prepared themselves against them.

And by times in the morning at the break of day, both the hosts buckled together. The one part had *the Lord for their refuge, (kjv= with their virtue their refuge) which is the giver of prosperity, strength, and victory. The other had a manly stomach, which is a captain of war.

The battle now being great, there appeared unto the enemies from heaven five men upon horsebacks, with bridles of gold, leading the Jews, and two of them having Maccabeus betwixt them, that kept him safe on every side with their weapons (kjv =and covered him on every side weapons) but shot darts and lightnings upon the enemies: where through they were confounded with blindness and so sore afraid, that they fell down. There were slain of footmen twenty thousand and five hundred, and six hundred horsemen. As for Timotheus himself, he fled into Gaza a very strong hold, wherin Cereas was captain. But Maccabeus and his company laid siege to it cheerfully four days.

Now they that were within trusting to the strength of the place, cursed and *banned (condemned and/ or called to arms) exceedingly, and made great *craking (trouble) with wicked words. Nevertheless upon the fifth day in the morning twenty young men of Maccabeus company, being, set on fire in their minds because of the blasphemy: came manfully to the wall, and with bold stomachs they and their other companions climbed up upon the towers, undertaking to set fire upon the ports, and to burn those blasphemous persons quick. Two days were they destroying the castle, which when they found Timotheus,( that was crept into a corner ) they killed him, and slew Cereas his brother in like manner with Apollophanes. When this was done, they sung psalms, with praises and thanksgivings unto the Lord, (kjv leaves out unto the Lord) which had done so great things for Israel, and given them the victory.

The 11th Chapter

Not long after this, Lysias the kings steward and a kinsman of his, which had the governance of his matters ( took sore displeasure for the things that had happened: and when he had gathered eighty thousand men of foot with all the host of horsemen, he came against the Jews, thinking to win the city to make it an habitation for the Heathen, and the temple would he have to be an house of *lucre

(Heb: covetousness, gain, profit, greed, to break off, cut off) , like as the other goddes houses of the Heathen are, and to sell the priests office every year: Not considering the power of God, but was wild in his mind, trusting in the multitude of footmen, in thousands of horsemen, and in his eighty Elephants.

So he came to Jewry and then to Bethsura, ( a castle of defense laying in a narrow place five furlongs from Jerusalem ) Now when Maccabeus and his company knew that the strongholds were taken, they fell to their prayers with weeping and tears before the Lord: and all the people in like manner besought him, that he would send a good angel to deliver Israel. Maccabeus himself was the first that made him ready to the battle, exhorting the other that were with him, to jeopard themselves and to help their brethren. And when they were going forth of Jerusalem together with a ready and willing mind, there appeared before them upon horse back a man in white clothing with harness of gold, shaking his spear. Then they praised the Lord all together, which had showed them mercy, and were comforted in their minds: in so much that they were ready, not only to fight with men, but with the most cruel beasts, yee and to run through the walls of iron.

Thus they went on willing having an helper from heaven, and the Lord merciful unto them. They fell mightily upon their enemies like lions, brought down eleven thousand footmen, sixteen hundred horsemen, put all the other to flight, many of them also being wounded, and some got away naked. Yee Lysias himself was faine to flee shamefully, and so to escaped. Nevertheless the man was not without understanding, but considered by himself that his power was minished and pondered how the Jews being defended by the help of Almighty God, were not able to be overcome: wherefore he sent them word, and promised, that he would consent unto all things which were reasonable, and to make the king their friend. To the which prayer of Lysias Maccabeus agreed seeking in all things the common wealth: and whatsoever Maccabeus wrote unto Lysias concerning the Jews, the king granted it.

For there were letters written unto the Jews from Lysias containing these words.

Lysias sendeth greeting to the people of the Jews. Jhon and Absolom which were sent from you, delivered me writings, and required me to fulfill the things concerning their errand. Therefore look what might be granted, I certified the king thereof: and whatsoever was convenient. I agreed thereto. If ye will now be faithful in the matters, I shall endeavor to myself hereafter also to do you good. As concerning other things by every article thereof: I have committed them to your messengers, and to those whom I have sent you, to commune with you of the same, fare ye well, In the hundred and forty eighth year, the twenty fourth day of the month *Dioscorinthius. *(unknown)

Now the kings letter contained these words. King Antiochus sendeth greeting unto his brother Lysias. For so much as our father is now dead, (kjv= is translated unto the gods) our will is, that they which are in our realm, live without any insurrection, and that every man to be diligent in his own matters. We understand also, that the Jews would not consent to our father, for to be brought unto the custom of the Gentiles, but stiffly to keep their own statutes: for the which cause they require of us also, to let them remain still by their own laws.

Wherefore our mind is, that this people shall be in rest: we have concluded and determined also, to restore them their temple again: that they may live according to the use and custom of their forefathers. Thou shalt do us a pleasure therefore, if thou send unto them and agree with them: that when they are certified of our mind, they may be of good cheer, and look to their own wealth.

And this was the letter, that the king wrote unto the Jews: King Antiochus sendeth greeting unto the council and the other people of the Jews. If ye fare well, we have our desire: as for us, we are in good health. Menelaus came and told us, how that your desire was to come down to your people, which are with us.

Wherefore those that well come, we gave them free liberty, unto the thirtieth day of the month of April (kjv = Xanthicus) , that they may use the meats of the Jews and their own laws, like as afore: and none of them by any manner of ways to have harm, for things done in ignorance. Menelaus whom we have sent unto you, shall commune with you at large, fare ye well. In the hundred and forty eighth year, the fifteenth day of the month of April (kjv = Xanthicus).

The Romans also sent a letter, containing these words: Quintus Mennius and Titus Manilius ambassadors of the Romans, send greeting unto the people of the Jews. Look what Lysias the kings kinsmen hath granted you, we grant you the same also. But as concerning the things which he referred unto the king, sent hither some with speed: and ponder the matter diligently among yourselves, that we may cast the best to your profit, for we must depart now unto Antioche. And therefore write shortly again, that we may know your mind Fair well. In the hundred forty eighth year, the fifteenth day of the month of *April.

The 12th Chapter

When these covenants were made Lysias went unto the king, and the Jews tilled their ground. But Timotheus, Apollonius the son of Gemei, Jerome (kjv =Hieronymus) and Demophon the proud, Nicanor the captain of the Cypers, and they that lay in those places: would not let them live in rest and peace. They of Joppa also did even such a shameful deed. They prayed the Jews that dwelt among them, to go with their wives and children into the ships which they had prepared, and did with them, as though they had ought them no evil will. For so much then as there was gone forth a general proclamation through the city because of peace, they consented thereto, and suspect nothing: but when they were gone forth in to the deep, they drowned no less then two hundred of them.

When Judas knew of this cruelty showed unto his people, he commanded those that were with him to make them ready, exhorting them to call upon God the righteous judge: went forth against those murderers of his brethren, set fire in the haven by night, burnt up the ships, and those that escaped from the fire, he slew with the sword. And when he had done this, he departed as though he would come again, and root out all them of Joppa. But when he had gotten word that the Jamnites were minded to do in like manner unto the Jews which dwelt among them, he came upon the Jamnites by night, and set fire in the haven with the ships: so that the light of the fire was seen at Jerusalem upon two hundred and forty furlongs.

Now when they were gone from thence nine furlongs, in their journey toward Timotheus, five thousand men of foot and five hundred horsemen of the Arabians fought with him. So when the battle was earnest, and prospered with Judas through

the help of God: the residue of the Arabians being overcome, besought Judas to be at one with them, and promised to give him certain pastures, and to do him good in other things. Judas thinking that they should in deed be profitable concerning many things, promised them peace: whereupon they shook hands, and so they departed to their tents. Judas went also unto a city, which was very fast kept with bridges, fenced round about with walls, and diverse kinds of people dwelling therein called Caspin. (kjv= Caspis)

They that were within it, put such trust in the strength of the walls, and in their store of victuals: that they were the slacker in their doings, cursing and reviling Judas with blasphemes, and speaking such words as it becometh not. But Machabeus calling upon the great Prince of the world ( which without any battlerams or ordinance of war, did cast down the walls of Jericho, in the time of Joshua ) fell manfully upon the walls, and took the city, and ( through the help of the Lord ) made an exceedingly great slaughter: Insomuch that a lake of two furlongs broad which lay thereby, seemed to flow with the blood of the slain.

Then departed they from thence seven hundred and fifty furlongs, and came to Taraca (kjv=Characa) unto the Jews that are called Tubianei (kjv= Tubieni). But as for Timothe, they could not get him there: for ( not one matter dispatched ) he was departed from thence, and had left certain men in a very stronghold. But Dositheus and Sosipater, which were Captains with Maccabeus, slew those that Timotheus had left in the house of defense, even ten thousand men. And Maccabeus prepared him with the six thousand men that were about him, set them in order by companies, and went forth against Timotheus, which had with him an hundred and twenty thousand men of foot, two thousand five hundred horsemen.

When Timotheus had knowledge of Judas coming, he sent the women, children and the other baggage unto a castle called Carnion. (For it could not be won and was hard to come unto, the ways of the same places were so narrow ) and when Judas company came first in sight, the enemies were smitten with fear, through the presence of God, which seeth all things: In so much that they fleeing one here, another there, were rather discomfited of their own people, and wounded with many strokes of their own swords. Judas also was very earnest in following upon them punishing those ungodly, and slew thirty thousand men of them. Timotheus himself fell into the hands of Dositheus and Sosipater, whom he besought with many prayers, to let him go with his life: because he had many of the Jews fathers and brethren in prison which ( if they put him to death ) might be disappointed. So when he had promised faithfully to deliver them again according to the condition made, they let

him go without harm, for the health of the brethren. And when Judas had slain twenty five thousand he went from Carnion.

Now after he had chased away a slain his enemies, he removed the host toward Ephron a strong city, wherein dwelt many diverse people of the Heathen, and the strong young men kept the walls, defending them mightily. In this city was much ordinance, and provision of darts. But when Judas and his company had called upon Almighty God (which with his power breaketh the strength of his enemies ) they won the city and slew twenty five thousand of them, that were within. From thence went they to the city of the Scythians, which lieth six hundred furlongs from Jerusalem. But when the Jews which were in the city testified, that the citizens dealt lovingly with them, yee and entreated them kindly in the time of their adversity, Judas and his company gave them thanks, desiring them to be friendly still unto them: and so they came to Jerusalem the high feast of the weeks being at hand. And after the feast they went forth against Gorgias the governor of Idumea, with three thousand men of foot and four hundred horsemen. Which when they met together, it chanced a few of the Jews to be slain. And Dositheus one of the Bachenors a mighty horsemen took hold of Gorgias, and would have taken him quick. But a horseman of Thracia fell upon him, and smote off his arm, so that Gorgias fled into Moresa. When they now that were of Gorgias side, had fought long and were weary: Judas called upon the Lord that he would be their helper, and captain of the field: and with that, he began with a manly voice to take up a song of praise, and a cry: In so much that he made the enemies afraid, and Gorgias men of war took their flight.

So Judas gathered his host, and came into the city of Odolla. And when the seventh day came upon them, they cleansed themselves ( as the custom was ) and kept the Sabbath in the same place. And upon the day following, Judas and his company came to take up the bodies of them that were slain, and to bury them in the fathers graves. Now under the coats of certain Jews which were slain, they found Jewels that they had taken out of the temple and from the Idols of the Jamniters: which thing is forbidden the Jews by the law. Then every man saw that this was the cause, wherefore they were slain.

And so every man gave thanks unto the Lord for his righteous judgment, which

had opened the thing that was hid. They fell down also unto their prayers, and besought God, that the fault which was made, might be put out of remembrance. Besides that, Judas exhorted the people earnestly, to keep themselves from such sin: for so much as they saw before their eyes, that these men were slain for the same offense. So he gathered of everyone a certain, insomuch that he brought together two thousand drachms of silver, which he sent unto Jerusalem, that there might a sacrifice be offered for the misdeed. In the which place he did well and right: For he had some consideration and pondering of the life that is after this time. For if he had not thought that they, which were slain, did yet live, it had been superfluous and vain, to make any vow or sacrifice, for them, that were dead. But for so much as he saw, that they which die in favor and belief of God, are in good rest and joy, he thought it to be good and honorable for reconciling, to do the same for those which were slain, that the offense might be forgiven.

The 13th Chapter

In the hundred forty ninth year gat Judas knowledge, that Antiochus Eupator was coming with a great power into Jewry, and Lysias the steward and ruler of his matters with him: having an hundred and ten thousand men of foot five thousand horsemen, twenty two Elephants, and three hundred chariots. Menelaus also joined himself with them ( but with great deceit ) and spake fair to the king, not for any good of the country, but because he thought to have been made some great man of authority. But the king of kings moved Antiochus mind against this ungodly person, and Lysias informed the king, that this Menelaus was the cause of all mischief: so that the king commanded to take him, and ( as the manner of them is ) to put him unto death in the same place.

There was also in the same place a tower of fifty cubits high, heaped with ashes: but above it was so made, that men might look down on every side. Where into the king commanded that shameful person to be cast among the ashes, as one that was cause of all ungraciousness. And reason it was, that the unthrift should die such a death, and not be buried: for he had done much mischief unto the altar of God ( whose fire and ashes were holy ) therefore it was right, that he himself also should be destroyed with ashes.

But the king was wood in his mind and came to show himself more cruel unto the Jews, than his father was. Which when Judas perceived, he commanded the people to call upon the Lord night and day: that he would now help them also, like as he had done always: For they were afraid to be put from their law, from their natural country and from the holy temple: and not to suffer the people ( which a little while afore began to recover ) to be subdued again of the blasphemous nations.

So when they had done this together, and besought the Lord for mercy, with weeping and fasting three days long, flat upon the ground: Judas exhorted them to make themselves ready. But he and the elders together devised, to go forth first with their people, afore the king brought his host into Jewry, and afore he besieged the city, and *so to commit the matter unto God. (kjv= to go forth and try the matter in fight by the help of the Lord.)

Wherefore he ascribed the power of all things unto God the maker of the world, exhorting his people to fight manfully, ( Ye even unto death ) for the laws, the temple, the city, and their own natural country, and to defend the *citizens: (kjv= commonwealth) and set his host before Modin. He gave them also that were with him, a token of the victory of God, choosing out the manliest young men, went to the kings pavilion, slew of the host fourteen thousand men, and the greatest Elephants, with those that sat upon them.

Thus when they had brought great fear and rumor among the tents of their enemies, and all things went prosperously with them, they departed in the break of the day, God being their helper and defender. Now when the king perceived the manliness of the Jews, he went about to take the strong places by craft, and removed his host unto Bethsura, which was a well kept house of defense of the Jews: but they were chased away, hurt and discomfited.

And Judas sent unto them that were in it, such things as were necessary. In the Jews host also there was one Rhodocus, which told the enemies their secrets; but they sought him out, and when they had gotten him, they put him in prison. After this did the king commune with them in Bethsum, took truce with them, departed, and stuck battle with Judas, which over came him.

But when he understood, that Phillip (whom he had left to be overseer of his business at Antioche ) began to rebel against him, he was astonished in his mind: so that he yielded himself to the Jews, and made them an oath, to do whatsoever they thought right.

Now when he was reconciled with them, he offered, made much of the temple, and gave great gifts unto it, embraced Maccabeus, making him captain and governor

from Ptolemais unto the Gerrenes.

Nevertheless when he came to Ptolemais, the people of the city were not content with that bond of friendship: for they were afraid, that he would break the covenant. Then went Lysias went up in to the seat and in formed the people, showed them the cause why, and pacified them. So he came again to Antioch. This is now the matter concerning the kings journey, and his return.

The 14th Chapter

After three years was Judas informed, how that Demetrius the son of Seleucus, was come up with great power and ships, through the haven of Tripolis, to take certain commodious places and countries, against Antiochus and his captain Lysias. Now Alcimus ( which had been high Priest, and willfully defiled himself, in the time of the martyring ) (kjv= mingling with the Gentiles,) seeing, that by no means he could be helped, (kjv= save himself) ner have any more entrance to the altar: he came to king Demetrius in the hundred and fifty first year, presenting unto him a crown of gold, a palm, and an olive tree: which ( as men thought ) belonged to the temple, and that day he held his tongue. But when he had gotten opportunity for his madness, Demetrius called him to counsel, and asked him, what things or councils the Jews leaned unto? He answered: The Jews that be called Assidei ( whose captain is Judas Maccabeus ) maintain wars, make insurrections, and will not let the realm be in peace.

For being deprived of my fathers honor,( I mean the high priesthood ) am come hither: partly because I was faithful unto the king, and partly because I sought the profit of the citizens. And why? all our people, through the wickedness of them, are not a little troubled. Wherefore I beseech thee ( O king ) consider all these things diligently, and then make some provision for the land and the people, according to the kindness that thou hast offered unto them. For as long as Judas hath the upper hand, it is not possible that men can live in peace.

When he had spoken these words, other friends also having evil will at Judas, set the king Demetrius on fire against him. Which immediately sent Nicanor ( ruler of the Elephants ) a captain, in to Jewry: commanding him, to take Judas himself alive, but to slay them that were with him, and make Alcimus high priest of the temple.

Then the Heathen which fled out of Jewry from Judas, came to Nicanor by flocks, thinking the harm and decay of the Jews to be their welfare. Now when the Jews heard of Nicanors coming, and that the gathering together of the Heathen: they sprinkled themselves with earth, and besought him, which made them his people, and ever defended his own portion with evident tokens, that he would preserve them still. So at the commandment of the captain, they removed from thence, and came to a town called Dessasan. And Simon Judas brother fell in hand with Nicanor, but through the sudden coming of the enemies, he was afraid.

Nevertheless Nicanor hearing of the manliness of them that were with Judas, and the bold stomachs that they had to fight for their natural country, durst not prove the matter with bloodshedding. Wherefore he sent Possidonius, Theodocius, and Mathias before, to give and to take peace. So when they had taken long advisement thereupon, and the captain showed it unto the multitude: they were agreed in one mind, to have peace. And they appointed a day to sit upon these matters quietly among themselves, the stools also were set forth. Nevertheless Judas commanded certain men of arms to wait in convenient places, lest there should suddenly arise any evil through the enemies. And so they communed reasonably together.

Nicanor, while he abode in Jerusalem, ordered himself not unreasonably, but sent away the people that *were gathered together. (kjv= came flocking unto him.) He loved Judas ever in his heart, and favored him. He prayed him also to take a wife, and to bring forth children. So he married, lived in rest, and they led a common life. But Alcimus perceiving the love that was betwixt them, and how they were agreed together, came to Demetrius, and told him that Nicanor had taken strange matters in hand, and ordained Judas ( an enemy of the realm ) to be the kings successor. Then the king was sore displeased, and through the wicked accusations which Alcimus made of Nicanor, he was provoked, that he wrote unto Nicanor, saying: that he was very angry for the friendship and the agreement, which he had made with Machabeus. Nevertheless he commanded him in all the haste, that he should take Maccabeus prisoner, and send him to Antioche.

Which letters when Nicanor had seen, he was at his wits end, and sore grieved, that he should break the things wherein they had agreed: specially, saying Machabeus was the man, that never did him harm. But that he might not withstand the king, he sought opportunity to fulfill his commandment. Not withstanding when Maccabeus saw that Nicanor began to be *churlish (having a bad disposition, difficult to work with) unto him, and that he entreated him more roughly than he was wont, he perceived that such unkindness came not of good, and therefore he gathered a few of his men, and withdrew himself from Nicanor. Which when he knew that Machabeus had manfully prevented him, he came into the great and most holy temple: and commanded the priests ( which were doing their usual offerings ) to deliver him the man. And when they sware that they could not tell where the man was whom he sought, he stretched out his hand, and made an oath, saying: If ye will not deliver me Judas captive, I shall remove this temple of God into the plain field, (kjv =even with the ground) I shall break down the altar, and consecrate this temple unto Bacchus.

Then the priests lift up their hands toward heaven, and besought him that was ever the defender of their people, saying: Thou O' Lord of all, (kjv =all things) which hast need of nothing, wouldest that the temple of thy habitation should be among us. Therefore now O' most holy Lord, keep this house ever undefiled, which lately was cleansed. Now was there accused unto Nicanor, one Razis one Alderman of Jerusalem, a lover of the whole city, and a man of good report: which for the kind heart that he bare unto the people, was called a father of the Jews. This man often times, when the Jews were minded to keep them selves undefiled, defended and delivered them, being content steadfastly to spend his body and his life for the people.

So Nicanor willing to declare the hate, that he bare to the Jews, sent five hundred men to take him: For he thought, if he got him, he should bring the Jews in great decay.

Now when the people began to rush in at his house, to break doors, and to set fire on it: he being now taken, would have defended himself with his sword: choosing rather to die manfully, than to yield himself to those wicked doers: and because of his noble stock, he had rather been put to extreme cruelty. Notwithstanding what time as he missed of his stroke for haste, and the multitude fell violently betwixted the doors: he ran boldly to the wall, and cast himself down manfully among the heap of them, which gave soon place to his fall, so that he fell upon his belly.

Nevertheless while there was yet breath within him, he was kindled in his mind, and while his blood gushed out exceedingly( for he was very sore wounded ) he ran through the middest of the people, and gat him to the top of a rock. So when his blood was gone, he took out his own bowels with both his hands, and threw them upon the people: calling upon the Lord of life and spirit, to reward him this again, and so he died.

The 15th Chapter

Now when Nicanor knew that Judas was in the country of Samaria, he thought with all his power to strike a field with him upon a Sabbath day. Nevertheless the Jews that were compelled to go with him, said: O do not so cruelly and unkindly, but hallow the Sabbath day, and worship him that seeth all things. For all this, yet said the ungracious person: Is there a mighty one in heaven, that commandeth the Sabbath day to be kept? And when they said: Yee the living God, the mighty Lord in heaven commanded the seventh day to be kept, he said: And I am mighty upon earth, to command them for to arm themselves, and to perform the kings business. Notwithstanding he might not have his purpose.

Nicanor had devised with great pride to overcome Judas, and to bring away the victory. But Maccabeus had ever a fast confidence and a perfect hope in God that he would help him, and exhorted his people, not to be afraid at the coming of the Heathen: but always to remember the help that had been shown unto them from heaven, Yee and to be sure now also, that almighty God would give them the victory. He spake unto them out of the law and the prophets, putting them in remembrance of the battles, that they had stricken afore, and made them to be of good courage.

So when their hearts were plucked up he showed them also the deceitfulness of the Heathen, and how they would keep no covenant nor oath. Thus he weaponed them not with the armor of the shield and spear, but with wholesome words and exhortations. (kjv = armed every one of them, not so much with defense of shields and spears, as with comfortable and good words) He showed them a dream also, where through he made them all glad, which was this: He thought that he saw Onias ( which had been high priest, a virtuous and loving man, sad and of honest conversation, well spoken, and one that had been exercised in Godliness from a child ) holding up his hands toward heaven, and praying for his people. After this there appeared unto him another man, which was aged, honorable and glorious. And Onias said: This is a lover of the brethren, and of the people of Israel. This is he that prayeth much for the people, and for all the holy city: Jeremy the prophet of God. He thought also that Jeremy held out his right hand, and gave him ( namely unto Judas ) a sword of gold, saying: Take this holy sword, a gift from God, wherewith thou shall smite down the enemies of the people of Israel.

And so they were well comforted through the words of Judas, and took courage unto them, so that the young men were determined in their minds to fight, and to bide stiffly at it: In so much that in the things which they took in hand, their boldness showed the same, because the holy city and the temple were in peril: for the which they took more care, then for their wives, children, brethren and kinsfolks. Again, they were in the city, were most careful for those which were to fight. Now when they were all in a hope that the judgement of the matter was at hand, and the enemies drew nye, the host set in array, the Elephants and the horsemen everyone standing in his place: Maccabeus considered the coming of the multitude, the ordinance of divers weapons, the cruelness of the beasts, and held up his hands toward heaven, calling upon the Lord that doeth wonders, which giveth not the victory after the multitude of weapons and power of the host ( but to them that please him ) according to his own will. Therefore in his prayer he said these words.

O' Lord, thou didst send thine Angel in the time of Ezekiah king of Judea, and in the host of Sennacherib slewest an hundred and eighty five thousand: send now also thy good angel before us ( O' Lord of heavens ) in the fearfulness and dread of thine mighty arm, that they which come against thy holy people to blaspheme them, may be afraid. And so he made an end of his words. Then Nicanor and they that were with him, drew nye with *shawmes (like an oboe; a double reed instrument) and songs: but Judas and his company with prayer and calling upon God.

With their hands they smote, but with their hearts they prayed unto the Lord, and slew no less than thirty five thousand men: For through the present help of God they were gloriously comforted.

Now when they left off, and were turning away with joy, they understood that Nicanor himself was slain with other. Then they gave a great shout and cry, praising the Almighty Lord with a loud voice. And Judas ( which was ever ready to spend his body and life for his citizens ) (kjv = the chief defender of the citizens both in body and mind) commanded to smite off Nicanors head, with his arm and hand, and to be brought to Jerusalem. When he came there, he called all the people, and the priests at the altar with those that were in the castle, and showed them Nicanors head, and his wicked hand, which he had presumptuously holden up against the temple of God. He caused the tongue also of the ungodly Nicanor to be cut in little pieces, and to be cast to the fowls, and the cruel mans hand to be hanged up before the temple.

So every man gave thanks unto the Lord, saying: Blessed be he, that hath kept his place undefiled.

As for Nicanors head, he hanged it up upon the castle, for an evident and plain token of the help of God. And so they agreed altogether, to keep that day holy, namely the thirtieth day of the month Adar, which in the Syrian language is called the next day before Mardocheus day. (see kjv : as if Adar is given from Syrian) Thus was Nicanor slain, and from that time forth the Jews had the city in possession: And here I will now make an end.

The end of the second book of Machabees